Just a few short months ago, Sweden’s Nato membership seemed a very long way from being a done deal. Having submitted its application to join in May 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it seemed at times as though Stockholm might be left hanging interminably. While Finland, which had applied to join the alliance at the same time as its neighbour, became a member at record speed last April, Sweden got stuck in a diplomatic quagmire.
For Nato, it gives the alliance access to Sweden’s territory and turns the Baltic into a “Nato sea” surrounded by member countries.
Emma Rosengren, a research fellow at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs, said Sweden would probably serve as a logistical hub for defence planning, “including transportation of personnel and materiel to an imagined future war front”.
And what of Sweden? For months, the country has been preparing for this moment, acting almost as if it were already a full Nato member. It has signed a deal with the US giving full access to 17 of its military bases, started its Nato integration and even announced plans to send forces to Latvia.
For the historically neutral country, it marks a dramatic change in national identity. In January, Kristersson warned Swedes – accustomed to seeing themselves as a peaceful nation – to prepare for the possibility of war and the country restarted compulsory civic duty, a form of national service that had been dismantled after the cold war. A small proportion of the population will be called up for military service against their will. Nato membership also means increased defence spending.
For Social Democrat voters, the move will mark a particularly striking departure. The idea of Nato membership was long considered unthinkable in the party, with a former defence minister, Peter Hultqvist, declaring in the autumn of 2021 that he could “guarantee” that he would never participate in a process to join NATO.
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